Lifestyle factors and the risk of kidney and bladder cancer in the Japanese population: A mini-review

The incidences of kidney cancer and bladder cancer are lower in Asian countries than in Western countries. However, the incidences and mortality rates of kidney cancer and bladder cancer have been increasing in Japan. In this paper, we would like to introduce findings from epidemiological studies about tobacco smoking, drinking alcohol and physical activity on the risk of kidney and bladder cancers in the Japanese population. Tobacco smoking is a risk factor both for kidney cancer and bladder cancer in the Japanese population. On the other hand, physical activity is suggested to reduce the risk of kidney cancer in the Japanese population. Regarding alcohol consumption, one study showed an increased risk of bladder cancer, while other studies showed no association between alcohol consumption and the risk of bladder cancer in the Japanese population. Further studies are needed to find an answer.